Secondary Sources

Banham, Russ. The Ford Century. New York: Workman Publishing Company, 2002.

This book was written by Russ Banham in 2002. Russ Banham is a famous American writer, journalist, and reporter who has written 19 books. This particular book depicts the one hundred year history of the Ford Company. Pertaining to Henry Ford, it discusses how he started the Ford Company and the inventions created as a result of it. An important topic discussed was Ford’s invention of the Model T and its impact. Another topic addressed was Ford’s innovation of the assembly line and how it impacted production. A main bias from this source was that the author is a strong supporter of the Ford Company. Russ’s words are mainly in favor of the company and the author fails to discuss negative results of the Ford Company. Many primary source quotes from this book were used in the website, and it was used to support many of the conclusions drawn about the topic. This book contains many legitimate quotes and statistics about the Model T to make its impact more understandable. It was useful because it had many quotes which were used to back up statements.


Bryan, Ford R. Friends, Families, and Forays: Scenes from the Life and Times of Henry Ford.

            Dearborn, MI: Ford Books, 2002.

Bryan’s main idea is the childhood, family, friends and successes of Henry Ford. The book explores Henry’s acquaintances, family, inventions, investments, and luxuries. The author graduated from Eastern Michigan University and worked in the Ford Motor Company. He has written five other books on Henry Ford, so is fairly qualified to write this biography. Bryan’s only bias is that he portrays Ford only as a great man and does not mention any of Ford’s faults. The source was used in the website to show how Ford’s background affected his desire to be a mechanic. Also, it was used to support claims made in the impact portion of the website on how the T affected Ford and his company. This book helped in the learning of all of the facets of Ford’s life, including his family life and the luxuries he indulged himself in and the investments he made. This source was useful because it provided important information about Ford’s inspiration to invent.

Casey, Robert. The Model T. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008.

Robert Casey’s The Model T is an informative book covering the Ford Model T, its production and sale, the reason it had a market, and the reason the inventor built it. The author, Robert H. Casey, is an American author who has written many other books about America. The author’s point of view is that of an observer and possible fan of Henry Ford and his company because he tends to examine only the good things that they did and neglects to mention any bad effects caused by their products, such as global warming. It was used to provide information on how the Model T was sold and produced, information that was scarce and valuable when found. This book put particular emphasis on the Model T which was really useful to understanding the production of the T and its market.

Census Bureau Facts for Features, “Model T Centennial (Oct. 1)” 7 August 2009, in SIRS
Knowledge Resource [database on-line]; accessed November 16, 2009.

The author’s main idea is to show the reader the differences between the present day automobile industry and when it was just beginning to develop in the early twentieth century, mainly 1908 when the Model T was first produced. The United States Census Bureau produced this article and is a government organization. Since the government runs the Bureau it is a reliable source. The point of view of this document is to create more striking comparisons in their statistics. Therefore, they might arrange the numbers in such a way to make the article more interesting and some of the more important statistics might be left out. This article makes the connection between today’s auto industry and the invention Model T. This source was used to attain important information about how Ford Motor Company developed after Henry Ford’s era and the impact of the company from 1905 to 1925.

Fitzgerald, Dean. “Ford Installs the First Moving Assembly Line.” Public Broadcasting
Service. (1998). http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/dt13as.html

This article mainly illustrates the importance of the assembly line in the production of the Model T. It talks about how other companies adopted the assembly line from Ford’s factory and how, as a result, cars could be produced more cheaply and workers could be paid more. Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) produced this article. PBS is a renowned organization known for its nonfictional media in all fields, making this a reliable source. There are no biases in this article because it does not take a stance on a particular issue and only states the information. The article is beneficial to understanding the assembly line’s role in making the Model T such an important vehicle. It was used to harvest essential knowledge about all aspects of the assembly line which could be used in the passage about production.

Kelly, Regina Z. Henry Ford. Chicago: Follett Publishing Company, 1970.

This book is a biography on Henry Ford’s life. It talks about Henry Ford’s life from childhood to death and his achievements. The first part of the biography is all about Ford’s childhood and his family. It discusses his interests and what his childhood was like. The second part mainly discusses Ford’s inventions, company, and accomplishments. The author, Regina Kelly, is a published author who has written numerous biographies on important people throughout history making her qualified to write this biography. A main bias was the fact that at times the author created dialogue between Ford, his family, and his friends. This dialogue may be somewhat accurate but it is fictional, so it may be misleading to the reader if it is inaccurate. This source was used to draw conclusions in understanding what Henry was like as an individual and some of the misconceptions about him. Other sources tell the reader about his accomplishments and inventions but this describes Ford’s personality and determination during life and why he became a mechanic and inventor.

Lent, Henry B. The Automobile-U.S.A: It’s Impact on People’s Lives and the National Economy. New York: E.P. Dutton and CO., Inc., 1968.

Henry B. Lent’s The Automobile-U.S.A. is an informational book on the car, how it is made, where it came from, and how it has impacted the people of the United States. The Author Henry B. Lent is an American writer who generally writes about technology and machinery of the United States. He has written many other works about cars and boats. Although he is American, he shows no major biases and writes mostly the facts, although he does not include much about how the internal combustion engine came to be in Europe.  Lent’s book was used to form a basic knowledge on the automobile and how the T developed from its predecessors. It also helped in understanding the impact of the T on more modern automobiles and the auto market in general.

Longstreet, Stephen. A Century on Wheels. Connecticut: Greenwood Press Publishers, 1988.

Stephen Longstreet’s main idea is to educate the reader on what life was like during the 20th century, and how it changed because of the developments that occurred in the automobile industry. The author Stephen Longstreet was a multitalented writer, critic, playwright and producer that focused his productions on the modernizing twentieth century. Longstreet’s point of view is that of an American citizen watching as the automobile industry develops and changes society forever. Multiple excerpts from this source were used to better articulate the thesis throughout all parts of the project. This source helped to better understand subject matter by going into further detail on the changes that occurred in the 1900’s caused by the automobile.

McCalley, Bruce. Interview by author, 29 November 2009. Electronic mail.

This was an interview conducted with Bruce McCalley who answers questions specific to the Model T. McCalley is an expert on the Model T who has written a book on the topic and was the editor of the Model T magazine, The Vintage Ford, for thirty years. The interview is biased from the point of view of someone who is used to portraying the Model T in a positive light in his magazine and books because he was trying to sell them to fans of the T. Because McCalley did not go into great detail in this interview, none of the information was actually incorporated into the website, but it was used to further instill the claims made.  This source helped in understanding the Model T from a more modern day perspective, especially its impact on the automobile industry today.

“The Model T Ford: A Short History of Ford’s Innovation.” The Frontenac Motor
Company. (2001). http://modelt.ca/background.html

This article traces the invention and development of the Model T. It quotes Henry Ford on the Model T and describes the car’s entire history including important dates, such as milestones in the speed it took to produce a car on the assembly line. This article was published by the state of California making it is a scholarly and reliable website. The main bias from this site is trying to make the Model T sound like an extremely sound automobile without mentioning any of the faults in its production and parts. Many of the dates used in the website were found in this, among other sources, confirming accuracy. This source helped in understanding significant dates and landmarks in the Model T’s production.

“The Model T Put the World on Wheels.” Ford Motor Company, (2008). http://www.ford.com/
            about-ford/heritage/vehicles/modelt/672-model-t

The main idea of this article is the importance of the Ford Model T in American history and its development as an automobile. It describes the innovative use of vanadium steel as a component of the car and how it became obsolete in changing times. This article was published on Ford’s website making it a reliable source because they would have accurate information on the Model T. The main bias in this source is trying to make Ford Motor Company sound magnificent and far better than other automobile companies. It focuses on the best things the company did while producing the Model T. Ford’s article really helped in tying everything together and presenting significant facts and figures on the Model T.

“The Model T: You Can Paint it Any Color, So Long as it’s Black.” The Henry FordMuseum. (1999). http://www.hfmgv.org/exhibits/showroom/1908/model.t.html

This internet article’s focus is on the lasting impact of the Model T on American society and its ability to remain virtually unchanged throughout its nineteen years of production. The Henry Ford Museumproduced this article and could be considered a reliable source because the people who work there and produce the article should be experts on Ford and his automobiles. As it is produced by a museum about Henry Ford, the employees probably neglect to mention the negative aspects of Ford, his company, and his cars as seen in this article. This article was used to explain how the Model T was able to endure the test of time and its impact as one of the most influential automobiles of all time.

National Emergency Medical Services Museum Foundation. “Ambulance Mass Transit.”
Available from http://www.nemsmf.org/content/publish/1941-1950/1900-1944_Ambulance_Mass_Transit.shtml.Internet; accessed November 29, 2009.

The main idea of this article is the development of the ambulance. It explains how normal street cars began to be modified into ambulances and how just a year after the Model T was first produced, ambulances began to be mass produced. The National Emergency Medical Services Museum Foundation is responsible for this article. This Foundation is definitely considered a reliable source because museums are historically accurate. There are no biases in this article because it is published by a museum foundation who is just presenting the facts. It was used to demonstrate how important an impact the Model T had in public services, such as medical care. This source helps show how the invention of the Model T affected public health because the ambulance was mass produced using Henry Ford’s assembly line.

National Emergency Medical Services Museum Foundation. “Ambulances-World War I.”
Available from http://www.nemsmf.org/content/publish/1900-1910/Ambulances_-_World_War_I.shtml. Internet; accessed November 29, 2009.

This article’s main focus is the Model T Field Ambulance’s use in World War I. It discusses how the vehicle was used to transport both soldiers and civilians during the time period. This article was produced by the National Emergency Medical Services Museum Foundation making it a valid source because it is a reliable museum. This article might have left out which other types of ambulances were used to make it seem like the Model T was the most important one. The article was used to demonstrate how important an impact the Model T had in war. The article helped emphasizes the impact the Model T Ambulance had in World War I to transport injured soldiers to medics.

Nevins, Allan. Ford: The Times, the Man, the Company. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons,
1954.

The author’s main idea in this biography is the life of Henry Ford with primary focus on his company. It follows Ford’s life chronologically and makes note of each of the major inventions and automobiles produced by Ford. Nevins became regarded as a historian, writing several books on United States history and biographies on influential individuals, making him qualified to write this biography. No biases are shown in the biography as it is told from a neutral view. The book was used to gain insight on Henry Ford’s life and his company. This book helps in understanding how several of the automobiles produced by the Ford Motor Company and the impact they had on the country.

Olson, Sidney. Young Henry Ford. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1963.

Olson’s main idea is the life of Henry Ford, focusing mainly on his childhood and his Ford Motor Company. The author bases the first half of the book on his childhood, adolescence and young adult year. The second half explains his adulthood and company. The author tells the life of Henry Ford from a neutral point of view except for the fact that he somewhat neglects to discuss some of the negative aspects of Ford making him seem like a good wholesome man. This source made it clear what Henry Ford’s childhood was like and what led him to become a prestigious mechanic and inventor. It also tells helps in realizing the magnitude of Ford’s accomplishments. The source was used to aid us in writing about inspiration for the Model T.

Rockwell, Norman. Boss of the Road, 1952, Norman Rockwell Museum, Stockbridge,
Massachusetts.

This piece is meant to show the Model T’s role in connecting rural life with urban life in the country. The Model T’s affordability allowed relatives and friends to visit each other with more convenience. Norman Rockwell is considered one of the best American painters with nearly all of his pieces based on significant periods of American history. The main bias in this work is the exaggerated size of the Model T in the painting. The Model T is portrayed as the size of a barn house in the painting to make it a dominant force in the piece. This source was helpful to knowing the impact the Model T had on farm life and American culture in general. This source was used to develop claims that the Model T can be considered a revolutionary innovation. 

Sutton, Richard. Car. 1990. New York: Alfred A Knopf Inc.


Richard Sutton’s Car is an informational book about the history of the car and its technological progress such as the way the engine and steering technology has developed. The author, Richard Sutton, is an American author of several other books. Sutton’s point of view is that of an informant on the subject matter and seems to give the facts on cars and their progress and has no noticeable biases. This source was very useful to the understanding of what the automobile was like prior to and after the invention of the Model T. It was used to gain information on how the Model T worked.

Tweeten, Lon. “A Brief History Of: The Model T.” Time Magazine. (September 24, 2008).    http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1843917,00.html   

Tweeten’s main idea is to show the reader important statistics about the Model T. Some statistics which this article explores include top speed, fuel economy, price, and options. Lon Tweeten attended Brown University and has written numerous articles for Time Magazine. He specializes in taking pictures and adding in statistical information to educate his readers. He has been writing for Time for 24 years so he is quite reputable. There are no biases in this article because it is mainly statistical information with no opinions. This article supplied the reader with important statistical information like the cost of replacement parts, miles of road paved at the time, and many more facts about the Model T. It was used to acquire statistics on the Model T to compare it to competition and modern day automobiles.

Weitzman, David. Model T: How Henry Ford Built a Legend. New York: Crown Publishers,

2002.

The main idea of this book is the process by which a Model T Ford was built and the improvements made to this process over the years. There are drawings of people producing various parts of the Model T in the factory and descriptions of what they are doing throughout the book. The author, David Weitzman, is the author of several educational books. The main bias in this book is that he drew all of the images; none are photographs, so one cannot be sure that his drawings are reliable as historical evidence of what went on in the factories. The book is informative on how each portion of the Model T was built. This source was utilized to describe the assembly process of the Ford Model T in the production portion of the website.